1628 – Li Shimin defeated and captured Dou Jiande in the Battle of Hulao, leading to a Tang dynasty victory in the civil war that followed the collapse of the Sui dynasty.
1608 – Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi (pictured) debuted his second opera L'Arianna, now a lost work, at a royal wedding in Mantua.
1830 – U.S. President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, authorizing him to negotiate with Native Americans for their removal from their ancestral homelands.
1977 – A fire at the Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, Kentucky, killed 165 patrons.
2010 – A train derailment and collision in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India, caused the deaths of at least 148 passengers.
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